Heating system.



J. 0. OLSON & G. S. OARLBERG.

HEATING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED APR. 10, 1911.

Patented June 17, 1913. I 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED 11.10, 1911.

1,065,074, Patented June 17, 1913.

3 SHBETS-SHEET 3.

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C'arZ S briei y UNITED STATES PAEtENT OFFICE.-

JOHN O. OLSON, OF ST. PAUL, AND CARL S. CARL BERG, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA,

ASSIGNORS TO SPIRAL RADIATOR RATION OF ARIZONA;

COMPANY, OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA, A CORPO- HEATING SYSTEM.

Patented June 17,1 913.

Application filed April 10, 1911. Serial No. 620,103.

To all whom [15 may concern lie it known that we, Jonx O. Onsox and CARI. S. C.\I.LI.F.RG, citizens of the United States, residing at (1) St. Paul and (2) Minneapolis. in the counties of Ramsey and ("2) llenncpin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating Systems, of which the following is a specification.

The object of our invention is to provide a simple, ecoiiomieal system of heating which will be inexpensive to install and capable. ot'dxcating a comparatively large space in a short time, and which will heat each room of any building by convection of the heatunits to the air of the room directly by the circulation of such air in each room througl'i heat. delivering units of our system.

A further object is to provide a heating system, including a furnace and circulating system for a heat-conveying medium, having means in said furnace for causing the medium to absorb rapidly the heat units generated and means in each room to be heated to transfer said heat units to the air of the roomwith equal rapidity.

A further object is to provide iniproved heat delivering means,'through which a circulation will be established through the room, causing the cold air to be drawn into contact with the heated surface of the heat delivering inc-ans and from thence discharged into the upper part of the room, and caused to circulate throughout the 'ZIlH .it'urther object is to provide a heating svstcm in which either but water or steam may be utilized as the heat conveying medium.

.In the. heating systems employed at the present time the dill'ercntrooms of a building are warmed either by heat generating dcviceg within the rooms, by heat wh ch is generated at some distant point and absorbed at uch point by a m dium l 190% t which the heat. is convt-. ,fed to the dili'i-rcnt rooms and deliver d to th rooms il'ir'auelh apparatus e.-1peciall v adapted for that purpgge. 'lhe heat conveying and dclircrim: medium may be air healed dire tly at the furnace which will flow into the room {a be heated warun iiug tl'icsamc by direct conv ction and intermingline' at said healed air with the air of th oolu. uc i air may be heated by being su h as stoves, on

admitted from out of doors directly to an envelop or container in which the furnace is located and be caused to flow by gravity to various rooms of the building, in which case wind pressure is found invariably to cause an unequal distribution of said heated air to various rooms in the building and consequent inequalities in the temperatures of said different rooms. Said air may also be driven by pmver-operated fans through heated coils or other devices forming a battery for secondary radiation and flows into the different rooms under pressure. This will obviate to some extent the disadvantage and inequalities of heating resulting'fronr Wind pressure, but involves so much costin maintaining an engine or motor to operate the fans as to be applicable only to buildings in which heating and ventilating must be carried on upon a comparatively large scale. it is also true that a large amount of heat is lostv in the long air passages of such systems.

Another means of conveying heat trom. the distant generator to the rooms to-be heated is by means of hot water or steam heated at the generator and conducted to devices located in each room to be heated front which the heat is delivered by direct radiation. These systems in the main work more 35 advantageously than the systems involving heating by direct air convection. Butthe radiators used in such systems areot cast metal and do not provide for circulation ot all of the heat'conveying medium through 9 all parts of said radiators. in fact there is practically no flow, n-operly speaking, at. all, but a slow interchange of the hot and colder parts of the heating medium in dil's ferent parts of the radiator, so that thee systems are not quickly responsive to the condition of the heat generator, but. are slow in reaching a heat-delivering condition and correspomliuglyslow in cooling when the room becomes too warm, thereby causing much discomfort. The direct. radiators also have the disadvantage of stoves that their hot. surfaces are practically all exposed so that the portion ol' the room immediately adjacent said radiator will be uimcmt'ortably hot and warmer than the other portions of the room, and this directv radiation has an extremely injuriouseltect. upon any furniture which of necessity must. be placed near such radiator. The direct ra Q diators at present employed are not adapted to create any substantial circulation of air within the rooms and therefore itis necessary in order to heat the rooms properly by such means to place said radiators next to the outside walls of the house or building and beneath the windows thereof, where the. air made cold by radiation of the heat of the room through the partitions and windows will descend upon the radiator to be heated thereby. This arrangement necessitates long runs of pipe and expensive connections, and also places the radiators where they occupy the most valuable space in the room, that immediately in front of the windows.

Our invention combines features of advantage both of the direct radiation systems and the air convection systems and overcomes the dcfects above enumerated inherent in both of said types of heating systems.

It is a fundamental principle of our heating system that the heat for each room is delivered thereto by means of direct convection of the air of the room through a heat de livering device located in said room and forming a' part of a circulating system throu h which either steam or hot water is cause to flow, said circulating system including a heat absorbing member located wholly within the walls of the heat generating furnace. These heat delivering units are of such construction that the air of each individual room is caused to circulate through said units and throughout the room by gravity, but to circulate with such rapidity and be brought in such large and close contact with the heating medium as to withdraw the heat units therefrom with correspondingly great rapidity. Since the room is heated by air convection and circulation through the room, it has been found entirely practicable to place the heat delivering members adja-' cent the inner walls of the room so that in a house of ordinary size and construction all of said heat delivering units will be located almost directly above the furnace and in the must inconspicuous and little used corners of the room, thus at the same time diminishing the cost and ditiiculties of installation and obviating the inconvenience and unsightliness attendant upon the disposition of radiators beneath the windows of the rooms. Also, with this system of individual convection in each room, but one heat delivering member will be required for each room instead of the two or more radiators usually found necessary in the direct radiation sys tems, while from the fact that the convection circulation is set up individually with the air of each room, wind pressure will have no effect upon the distribution of heat to said room. Moreover, our heat delivering units are preferably designed to be so con structed as to present no exposed surfaces for direct radiation, so that the temperature is no higher near by than at distant portions contemplated as a feature of our inventionto arrange fresh air ducts within the floorsor partitions of the building and extend the same so as to open directly beneath the heat delivering devices. The flow of air through said conduits can be regulated by means of valve closures of the ordinary register type. Fresh air will thus be admitted from out of doors to a point directly beneath the heat delivering members from which it will be caused to ascend thercthrough being heated in its course and providing a simple and practicable means of ventilating the different' rooms.

The principle involved in our heating system that the heat delivering units shall cause the heating medium to circulate so as to flow in an attenuated and extended form for rapid extraction of the heat units thei Jf by the circulation of air therethrough requires that the circulation of said heat-conveying medium shall be relatively rapid, and there fore that said circulating system should provide means withinthe furnace adapted to hold said rapid circulating medium in such heat absorbing relation to the gases of combustion within the furnace that the heat units' generated by combustion of fuel therein may be absorbed with a rapidity corresponding with the rapid circulation of the medium and the quick withdrawal of the heat units thereof in the heat delivering devices aforesaid.

Our particular.combination of heat absorbing and heat delivering means which We have devised for effecting the before enumerated results of our heating system will now vbe specifically described in relation to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, which illustrate the application of our ipvention in one form.

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a dwellering members 12 and 13 placed adjacent a central partition 14. Other heat delivering members 15 and 16 are shown on the o posite sides of said partition, all of said delivering units forming parts of the 'circu eat 7 lating system for theheat conveying medium, of which the risers 17. 18 and it return pipe 20, and heating coil ll. within the turnace, shown in Figs. and 3. and the short connections from said heat delivering' units to said risers and return pipes. form the remaining portions. Valves 2 of usual construction are provided by means of which the individual heat delivering units may be cut off from the circulating system. and where it is desired to use hot water as a circulating medium the usual expansion tank 22) is provided in the attic of the building connected by means of a pipe 24 with the return pipe 20. As shown in Fig. 2 the heat delivering units are preferably grouped adjacent the intersection of the partitions substantially directly above the turnacc so that the supply and return pipes of the circulating sys tem form the shortest and most direct. possible connection between the heat delivering and heat absorbing members.

The heating coil 21 within the furnace casing 25 con'iprises a closed continuous spiral chamber '36 of relatively very shallow and wide cross-section formed of comparatively thin sheets of metal spaced apart the desired distance and secured at the edges in a stcanrtight manner by a special scam formed of metal welded dircctly to the edges of both of said plates. The coils of the spiral are held properly spaced from on atn other by means f bars 2? \vcltlcd to the seams at the edge ot said coils. The coil 2L rests upon a grid tormc l ot two crti s-l ars 28. J5 resting upon lugs Zlti formed on the inside of the furnace casing '35. said coil being held positioned upon said grid by means of upstanding ltlgs ill on the grid. The coil 2] is provided at the outer and inner ends thereof with expanded portions 52 and 33. respectively, formed directly ot' the metal sheets used for the inner and outer wallsof the aforesaid spiral chamber and hence connecting throughout its length directly with the interior of aid spiral chamber. The expanded portion 32 has connected at the bottom thereof the return pipe 20 and the expanded portion 33 is conne ted either directly. or through a drying chamber 3t if steam is to be used as the heat conveying medium. as desired. with the riser 17. the other ends of the portions It and ll?) being closed by caps 35, which may be sheet metal welded therein or ordinary plugs. as desired. It will thus be seen that the coil 21 provides a part of the circulating system tor the heat conveying medium entirely within the walls of the furnace and surrounded at every point by passages for the hot gases of com bustion, said coil being adapted to hold the heat conveying medium within the turnace in an attenuated and expanded condition, the thin walls of the aforesaid spiral chanc her and the fact that the heat conveying medium must circulate throughout the entire course ol said spiral chamber placing the ame in relation to the hot gases of comluction so that the heat will be absorbed tlna'ct'rom with extreme rapidity. tcr may enter the chamber at 32 practically cold and although moving with great speed through the spiral chamber will pass out through the riser 17 very highly heated even though but a comparatively low tire is burning on the grate 230. This feature not only induces the rapid circulation which is essential to the proper working of our system but ha been found in practical operation ol the system to be a very great economizer of fuel. since nearly all ot the heat units are extracted from the heat conveying medium in the heat delivering means and said medium entering the heating chamber at a very reduced temperature a relatively large heat absorbing surface of low tenmerature is presented to the hot gases of the furnace.

The heat delivering members comprise a spiral chamber 37. in connection with the circulating system aml through which the heat muncving medium tlows. of identically the same form and structure as the spiral chamber 21 within the furnace, except that the sheets of metal forming said spiral chamber 37 may be placed somewhat closer together. it may he stated in this connection that the showing of the spiral chamber 21 within the t'urna c l\ to a large extent diagrannnatic as th re will be a very much la racr numner oi coils in ordinary practice than are shon n in the drawings. the number and extent l the coils forming the spiral chamber tor the furnace being determined by the size of the building to be heated. and being proportioned to the total radiating surtactof all of the heat delivering units used in the entire system. That is. the number of square teet of heat absorbing surface in the circulating system within the furnace will bear a. tixcd ratio to the number of square feet of heat delivering surface in all of the heat delivering units of the system. The spiral chambers 37 have the coils thereof held in properly spaced relation by means f b rs as \\'t'ltlttl to the seams at the edges of said coils. and said chamber i supported in vertical position upon a tribar standard 735) having legs it) for holding the same the proper distance above the tloor. the chamber being preferably surrounded by a casing 41 al o supported upon the standard 12). said casing 11 in turn supporting a grill 4") extending above the top of the spiral chamber. The spiral chamber 37 is provided with expanded passages til and H t'ornicd directly by extensions ot' the walls. and open ng throughout their length into the inner and outer ends. respectively. of said spiral chamber. the passage l1 being c nnected at the lower end by a pipe 45 to one of the risers The wa- [R or it) and the passage it being similarly connected y a pipe i with the return pipe :20, thus placing said piral chamber within so that it form: 1: part ct thichit-dating system for the he -t; "\"'i" medium.

In operation, when .1 tin: dart d in the furnace. the heat iwt-yine lllttlltllth whether water tt?" will a snb heat with great rapnhtx ta 3 :t c-: itottt' bustirat, and cirrui: I tnnnwliatcl be started throughout tty rii' ulating svdcnx. The spiral chamber in the throat-c. being has; than an inch deep. and smaller spiral chambers of the heat deliicring member-i; a re capable of holding but a small quantity of the heat conveying medium so that the will become h ated almost it stanrancoushr after the starting of the tire in the furnace, and the heat delivering members will respond at once in t'urni-hing heat to the diti ferent rooms of the building. this is one of the novel features of our heating system of the utmost importance. We employ the principles of the instantanwus water heaters or steam generators to a heat conveying system so that the response in heating the room of the building is practically as quick as is the case when a tire is started in a sheetiron stove directly w ttlnn the room to be heated, a feature which we believe is not;-

prcsent in any other heating system in which the heat is generated at a distance from the room to be heated and conveyed thereto by some suitable mediui'n. it is the combination of a thin-walled. large-surfaced and smallvolunied heat absorbing membe' adapted to be wholly surroundel by the hot gases of combustion within the furnace with similarly constructed heat delivering members in at-h room to be heated. adapted to be surrounded at all points by ascending passages through which the cold air of the room will How to extract the heat units from the heat conveying medium within said members and distribute the heat through the T001 by convection, which maltes this result possible.

\Ve claim:

1. A gravity. heath: system comprising a furnace and a circula mg system extending thcreihrongh for a heat-1.inveying medium, said circulating s stem int lndimr means for constraining" said tnwliu i to flow in a relrr tively wide and thin s "oithin the turhare for a sorhtnr; hr we aid means t'attsitt}: s id 7 t ot' great lenpth and being: adapted to be nnmnzlo at ail points by the inn fmt" nt' t'titi iilthi.

Sttitl circulating system also includ ng heat deliveringmean in ca. h room t b licsitt'd. said heat delivering nu ills-ititfill-lt,tlliit?1,frill l mmlinni to tie-s; in a wilt-lively \ii i-t and thin sheet and cau ing -=tizl -h-et tor :frcat: length and being --urriund l at a l point by nnobstrtuzted a e t a -ar x ihr gn which the Colder may rise and extract the heat units from said medium and convey the same uniformly throughout the room. I

i. A gravity heating system comprising a furnace and a circulating system extending therethrough tor a heat-conveying medium, said circulating system including means for constraining said medium to flow in a relatii'ely wide and thin sheet within the furnace to absorbing heat units rapidly, said means causing said sheet to be of great length and being adapted to be surrounded at all points by the hot gases of combustion, said circulating system also including heat delivering means in each room to be heated, said heat delivering means constraining said medium to flow in a relatively wide and thin sheet and causing said sheet to be of great length and being surrounded at all points by unobstructed ascending passages through which the colder air of the room may rise and extract the heat units from said medium and convey the same uniformly throughout the room. said circulating system and the heat absorbing and heat delivering means therein being constructed and connected so thatthe flow of the heat-conveying medium therethrough will be effected by gravity.

3. A gravity heating system comprising a furnace and a circulating system extending therethrough for a heat-conveying medium, said circulating system including Within the furnace a continuous spiral chamber formed of thin sheets of metal and surrounded at; all points by passages for the hot gases of (,UXLtl'RIStiUIl, said sheets of metal being connected and spaced apart so as cause the heateonvcying medium to flow in a relatively Wide and thin sheet of great length Within said furnace for absorbing heat units rapidly, said circulat ng system also including in each room to be heated a heat deliv-- ering member provided with a closed continuous spiral chamber formed of thin sheets of metal spaced apart and secured together so as to cause said heat-conveying medium to flow in a relatively wide and thin sheet, the walls of said spiral chamber being surrounded at all points by unobstructed ascending passages through which the colder air of the room may rise and extract the heat units from said medium and distribute the same uniformly through the lUUiH a r gravity heating system eompriaing a hrzit-genciator and a circulating system extending through said generator, through all parts of which all of the heat-conveying Ytietlittl'lt is constrained to-tlow in a continuens stream, said circulating system including a heat delivering member consisting of thin sheets of metal secured together at the edges thereof and bent to form a vertt ally PUsiiitJlittKl spiral chamber of uniform crosssection opening into expanded vertical passages through the whole extent of each end of said spiral chamber, said passages connecting said chamber with sald circulating system, the coils of said spiral being spaced apart and the whole being inclosed within an outer casing so that said chamber is surrounded at all points with unobstructed ascending passages through which the colder air of the room may rise and extract the heat units from said medium and convey the same uniformly throughout the room.

A gravity heating system comprising a heat-generator and a circulating system ex tending through said generator, through all parts of which all of the heat-conveying medium is constrained to flow in a continuous stream, said circulating system including a heat delivering member consisting of a pair of thin sheets of metal secured together at the edges thereof and bent to form a spiral chamber of uniform cross-section opening into vertical enlarged passages through the whole extent of each end of said spiral chamber, said vertical passages being connected with said circulating system so as to make said spiral chamber a part thereof, and the coils of said spiral being held spaced apart to form between said coils unobstructed ascending passages through which the colder air of the room may rise and extract the heat units from said medium and convey the same uniformly throughout the room.

6. A gravity heating system comprising a heat generator and a circulating system for a heat conveying medium extending into all of the rooms to be heated, part of said circulating system being within the heat generator everywhere surrounded by the hot gases of combustion and through which part all of said medium is caused to flow, and heat deh-yering means in said circulating system located in each room consisting 'of a pair of thin sheets of metal secured together at the edges thereof and bent to form a spiral chamber of uniform crosssection opening into vertical enlarged passages through the whole extent of each end of said spiral c'namber, each of said yertical passages being continuous with and formed of the same sheets of metal as the walls of said spiral chamber and being connected at the lower ends thereof with the supply and return pipes, respectively, of the circulating system so as to make said spiral chamber a part of said circulating system, and the coils of said spiral being held spaced apart to form between said coils unobstructed ascending passages through which the colder air of the room may rise and extract the heat units from said medium and convey the same uniformly throughout the room.

In testimony whereof we atfix our signatures in presence of two Witnesses.

JOHN O. OLSON. CARL S. CARLBERG.

Witnesses H. A. BOWMAN,

F. A. \VIIITELEY. 

